From micro towards the macro scale

Microbiology for chemical engineers – from macro to micro scale

Recent developments in microbial techniques (such as PCR, GE, FISH) have allowed researchers to detect, identify and quantify microorganisms without the limitation of culture-dependent methods. This has given both engineers and scientists a more fundamental understanding about systems containing microorganisms. These techniques can be used to monitor bacteria in wastewater treatment systems, so...

Scaling Effects on Materials Tribology: From Macro to Micro Scale

The tribological study of materials inherently involves the interaction of surface asperities at the micro to nanoscopic length scales. This is the case for large scale engineering applications with sliding contacts, where the real area of contact is made up of small contacting asperities that make up only a fraction of the apparent area of contact. This is why researchers have sought to create...

Experimental Investigation of Relative Permeability Upscaling from the Micro-Scale to the Macro-Scale

Steering Macro-Scale Network Community Structure by Micro-Scale Features

Network science plays an increasingly important role to model complex data in many scientific disciplines. One notable feature of network organization is community structure, which refers to clusters of tightly interconnected nodes. A prominent problem is how to investigate the relationship between macro-scale modules that are retrieved by optimizing global network measures, and micro-scale str...

response articles: micro and macro analysis

the present study reports an analysis of response articles in four different disciplines in the social sciences, i.e., linguistics, english for specific purposes (esp), accounting, and psychology. the study has three phases: micro analysis, macro analysis, and e-mail interview. the results of the micro analysis indicate that a three-level linguistic pattern is used by the writers in order to cr...